Over the weekend since the original Statement, Iran has launched ballistic missiles at Israel. Israel has since responded with retaliatory Column 1128is located here

My Lords, of course I can assure noble Lords that Israel has the right to defend itself. We have said so consistently. We are extremely disturbed—noble Lords will have noticed this in the language we have used in recent days—about the actions taken in Lebanon. We completely understand the need to deal with Hezbollah, and we think that that is best done through the Government of Lebanon. It is really difficult to understand how the actions in recent days would bring about an end to Hezbollah. The noble Lord’s Government were in place for 14 years and had the opportunity to legislate to deal with the issue of the IRGC. This Government have committed to doing so, and we will as soon as we can.

My Lords, I remind the House of my frequent visits to Lebanon over the last number of years, delivering a project supporting women to stand for municipal and parliamentary elections in the very areas where they have been under threat from Hezbollah over many years, so I have no sympathy with Hezbollah whatever. But one of the consequences of these yellow lines, if they are enforced, is the risk that Hezbollah will become active in areas of Lebanon other than where they are at the moment. My question to the Minister specifically concerns the areas being depopulated. The UK has over the last number of years has spent more than £117 million supporting the Lebanese armed forces’ capacity in the very areas the IDF now considers to be yellow zones. What is the current UK support for the Lebanese armed forces, and will we have any ongoing relationship in these areas?

First, I commend the noble Lord’s work with women and girls in Lebanon. It is vital that we continue this work, and two weeks ago I was able to meet the Lebanese Minister for social affairs, who is an outstanding woman leader in Lebanon. Our support for the Lebanese army continues, and it is the right way to support Lebanon in defeating Hezbollah, a proscribed organisation. We support the aim of getting rid of Hezbollah, but it has to be done by strengthening the state and the Government of Lebanon.

My Lords, does the Minister have any sympathy for the people of northern Israel, who have been under constant bombardment from Hezbollah? Given that Hezbollah has made it absolutely clear that it has no interest in a peace settlement, is not the reality that unless Israel deals with Hezbollah, nobody will?

I want to be absolutely clear about this: I have complete sympathy with the people who have been displaced and harmed and who are living in the fear the noble Lord talks about—of course I do, as does everybody else in this Government. It is important and essential that we rid Lebanon of Hezbollah. How we do that is not by razing whole villages to the ground and by killing 3,500 civilians and over 100 health workers. I do not see how the aims Israel says it has—aims that we all share, of ridding the world of Hezbollah—are met through that action.

My Lords, I too condemn Hezbollah’s actions in northern Israel, but I am very grateful to my noble friend the Minister for what she has said about how this problem should be dealt with. Some 20% of the population of Lebanon has been displaced—well over a million people—and thousands have been injured and hundreds killed. This kind of aggressive action by the IDF and the Israeli Government cannot be the best way of securing a long-term solution to the problems Lebanon, its Government and many of its civilians are facing. Will the Minister therefore also say a bit more about what policies the Government are now following to try to get disengagement on both sides—Iran as well as Israel—so that a long-term solution can be found to the terrible problems the Lebanese are suffering?

The first thing we need, as has been agreed previously but needs to be restated, is cessation of the violence we currently see. Where we have a role in that, we play it, as do others, including the United States. As far as our policies go, we are continuing to provide additional humanitarian support to the now one million-plus displaced people, and we have just had to allocate an additional £30 million to this effort because of the ongoing conflict. But I repeat that the right way to deal with Hezbollah—the only way, in the end, that is going to be a sustainable solution to this—is to strengthen the Government of Lebanon and the armed forces there to enable them to do this in a way that lasts.

My Lords, is it not an idea to offer some rather candid advice to our Israeli friends about the inner nature of Lebanon and the vast distinction between the Hezbollah structure—which is like a poisonous spider, poisoning every aspect of Lebanese affairs, including its politics—and the good people of Lebanon, who are friendly, have fought difficult wars in the past, have many different religions and are very supportive of our values and of this nation? Israel has some techniques which it has used for undermining the Hezbollah position very effectively, but its approach, which is to drop more bombs on everybody, including southern Beirut, is not the way forward. Dare we say that, in polite terms, because some of us know Lebanon very well, and Israel is doing it wrong?

I think that we are making many of the points that the noble Lord outlines, directly and publicly, and noble Lords will have seen the moves we have made at the Security Council recently as well. In essence, I completely agree Column 1130is located here

Can the Minister tell us what, if any, explanation the Government have had of the killing of a general officer of the Lebanese armed forces, another officer and a soldier by the Israel Defense Forces? Presumably, that does not come in the category of strengthening the Lebanese armed forces.

It is difficult to see how that and the suffering of civilians and the deaths of civilians could ever be described in that way.

My Lords, can the Minister outline the Government’s position on what appears to be the occupation of southern Lebanon, which seems to be a systematic plan to impose long-term military control and a new geographic reality? Is this not a clear breach of international law, and how on earth will it make anyone in the region safe, including Israel, if this kind of behaviour continues? What message is being sent out to other countries: that somehow, international law applies to only some people and some countries, and not others?

International law applies to everyone, and territorial integrity matters everywhere. We are about to discuss a UQ on Ukraine, and I think the same applies. Things such as the raising of the flag at Beaufort Castle do not help; they raise tensions and weaken the Government of Lebanon. It is that Government we need to be strengthened in order to deal with this situation.

The noble Baroness says that the only answer is to finance the Lebanese Government and the Lebanese army. This has been tried for years and has not been successful. The only successful way of dealing with, in effect, Iran in Lebanon through Hezbollah, is through military action. At what point do the British Government stop spending British taxpayers’ money helping the Lebanese Government, and, instead, allow the IDF to finish the job?

With respect, I fundamentally disagree with the noble Lord. I wonder what he means by “finish the job”, given what we are seeing and the numbers of civilians who have been killed. Over three and a half thousand civilians, including children, have been killed indiscriminately. I could, perhaps, understand a targeted action. There would be questions about that too, but what we are seeing now is wrong.